The passage to which Jesus refers is Psalm 110:1-3. The oracle of Yahweh is addressed not to David, nor to any human king, but to Messiah, who while divine, was also David’s son. Verse 1 is a summary statement, which is amplified in verses 2 and 3. David is reporting a solemn prophetic statement of God: Yahweh (“the Lord”) is described as speaking to David’s Lord—Adonai (“my Lord,”), the Messiah. Messiah is given the position of co-regent. To “sit at God’s right hand” meant to share His power and His position.
While Messiah was to share in the power and prestige of Yahweh’s reign, there was a gap of time indicated between the time of His exaltation and His triumph. There is both a present and a future dimension to the Psalm 110 passage. Messiah’s enemies will be subject to Him, but not immediately. Messiah was elevated to a position of equality with Yahweh, yet the outworking of His power was yet viewed as future. A time will come when Yahweh hands the scepter to Messiah, an indication that He now is to utterly subdue His foes. Messiah will establish His rule over His enemies.
When David says, “Yahweh said to Adonai, ‘Sit at My right hand,’” he is calling the Messiah “my Lord.” All these scribes would agree with that. Jesus’ question is: How can the Messiah be David’s Lord and still be his son? The answer, of course, is the miracle and mystery of His own person. Messiah is descended from David according to the flesh, but Messiah is the Lord of Glory according to the Spirit.
The point for us is that Jesus’ identity is the central issue of life. “Who is Jesus to us? Is He Lord?” The whole issue of how to enter the kingdom and how to live in the kingdom of God hangs at that point.
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